To achieve this goal, all papers related to human and rodents’ ion channels, action potentials and electrocardiogram, published from 1980 by the end of 2020 in different electronic databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Springer Link, Scopus, Biological Abstracts, DOAJ, ISC and Chemical Abstracts were collected and evaluated and then the elite of information was summarized in this work. In the present review by using existing evidences, the similarities and differences of electrocardiograms, the cardiac action potential and corresponding ion channels in humans and some important laboratory rodents were compared. Given the ethical considerations as well as the high costs of working on large mammals, nowadays, the use of laboratory rodents and their genetically modified models in biological studies and diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is common in many research laboratories. Mammals used for cardiovascular studies include goats, sheep, dogs, pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice. Overall, selection of a suitable species/model should reflect symmetry between expectation of obtaining analyzable data and expectation of obtaining data that rightly predicts clinical effects. When the model/species are not fully validated for a study, it is desirable to provide information on different species and models to reduce the risk of generalizing the results of that species/model to humans. For example, a model may be limited in ease of use or cost, while being validated. Although some limitations for different species and models are unavoidable, the models/species must still be approved for a specific study. Obviously, in order to generalize the results of the research to humans, researchers should be aware of the limitations and benefits of any animal model and point out when publishing their studies. Selection of appropriate animals and models in cardiac electrophysiology research not only benefit to discover antiarrhythmic drugs, but also important to study the normal function of ion channels, arrhythmias caused by channelopathy, to investigate the safety of drugs and aptitude tests for arrhythmias. Much of the information available on the electrical activity of excitable cells, including muscle cells and conduction system of the heart, has been obtained through experimental studies on animal specimens. Each irregular rate or rhythm in the electrical activity of the heart is known as arrhythmia. Cardiac arrhythmias are responsible for at least half of sudden cardiac arrests. Overall, it provides a roadmap for researchers in selecting the best animal model/species whose studies results can be translated into clinical practice. In addition, this study will also be useful to biologists, physiologists, pharmacologists, veterinarians and physicians working in the fields of comparative physiology, pharmacology, toxicology and diseases.Ĭardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are known as the most cause of death and it is estimated that deaths due to CVDs will increase more than 24 million a year by 2030. Also, it briefly discusses the responsiveness and alterations in ECG following some interventions such as cardiac injury and arrhythmia induction. This review compares types of human action potentials, the dominant ion currents during action potential phases, alteration in ion channels activities in channelopathies-induced arrhythmias and the ECG appearance of mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and human. However, extrapolation of experimental findings from the lab to the clinic needs sufficient basic knowledge of similarities and differences between heart action potential and ECG of rodents and humans in normal and disease conditions. In addition, given to ethical consideration and availability, the use of small rodents has been a top priority for cardiovascular researchers. Nowadays using animal models to study heart diseases such as electrical and mechanical disturbance is common. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a non-invasive valuable diagnostic tool that is used in clinics for investigation and monitoring of heart electrical rhythm/conduction, ischemia/injury of heart, electrolyte disturbances and agents/drugs induced cardiac toxicity.
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